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Nordic Forestry
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Subject fields and objectives
| Subject field | Objective | Subject field | Objective |
| A. Genetic diversity and breeding | 1 Exotic tree species | B. Regeneration and stand establishment | 10 Planting |
| 2 Provenances (clinal variation) | 11 Sowing | ||
| 3 Genetic variation within and among stands | 12 Shelterwood cutting | ||
| 4 Progeny testing (controlled crosses) | 13 Seed-tree cutting | ||
| 5 Phenotypic plasticity (clones, rooted cuttings) | 14 Soil preparation | ||
| 6 Clonal tests (emblings) | 15 Natural regeneration | ||
| 7 Seed orchards and clonal archives (grafts) | 16 Prescribed burning | ||
| 8 After effects | 17 Ditching drainage | ||
| C. Stand treatment, growth and yield | 20 Thinning | D. Ecosystem research | 30 Watershed |
| 21 Fertilization | 31 Carbon, nutrient and water balance | ||
| 22 Liming | 32 Roof construction | ||
| 23 Acidification | 33 Climate change | ||
| 24 Tree species comparison | 34 Soil conservation | ||
| 25 Tree species mixture | 35 Forest protection | ||
| 26 Selection cutting | 36 Heavy metals | ||
| 27 Pruning | 37 Biodiversity | ||
| 28 Urban forestry | |||
| 29 Cleaning | |||
| E. Christmas Trees and decoration greenery | 40 Genetics | F. Wood for energy | 50 Compensation |
| 41 Establishment | 51 Nutrient balances | ||
| 42 Fertilization | 52 Coppice-forest | ||
| 43 Weed control | 53 Whole tree harvesting | ||
| 44 Insects and fungi | 54 Slash removal | ||
| 45 Yield and stand improvement | |||
| 46 Harvest and logistics | |||
| G.Peat-land forestry | 60 Drainage | ||
| 61 Fertilization | |||
| 63 Tree species comparison |
Description of objectives:
A. Genetic diversity and breeding
Exotic tree species: Comparison of different non-native tree species
in relation to genetic diversity, adaptation and yield.
Provenances (clinal variation): Experiments established to compare different
provenances (ecotypes) and their growth behavior (climatic adaptation) in respect
to latitude, longitude or altitude.
Genetic variation among and within stands: Experiments established to compare
the amount of variation contributed within as well as among populations.
Progeny testing (controlled crosses): Experiments established to investigate
the offspring from controlled crosses between known parent trees.
Phenotypic plasticity (clones, rooted cuttings): The purpose is to investigate
genetically identical individuals with respect to their phenotypic modification
in relation to varying climatic conditions.
Clonal tests (emblings): Experiments to test field performance of clones
propagated via somatic embryos.
Seed orchards and clonal archievs (grafts): Groups of trees or stands
based on propagation of grafts.
After effects: Experiments established to test if the climatic adaptation
of the plants/trees is dependent on weather conditions experienced by parent
generation during flowering and seed maturation.
B. Regeneration and stand establishment
Planting: Regeneration experiments with planting.
Sowing: Regeneration experiments with sowing.
Shelterwood cutting: Regeneration (and yield) experiment after a shelterwood
cutting. (Mainly natural regeneration, but sowing and planting can also be involved).
Seed-tree cutting: Regeneration (and yield) experiment after a seed-tree
cutting. (Mainly natural regeneration, but sowing and planting can also be involved).
Soil preparation: Includes experiments with deep ploughing, scarification
and also chemical weed control and the effect on regeneration.
Natural regeneration: Experiments with the aim of clarifying the success
of natural regeneration. (Covering experiments that are not classified as seed-tree
cutting or shelterwood cutting).
Prescribed burning: Experiments where prescribed burning has been performed
to investigate the effect on regeneration.
Ditching drainage: Main purpose of the experiment is to analyze the
drainage effects of different ditch distances and/or depths of ditches on tree
performance.
C. Stand treatment growth and yield
Thinning: Experiments aiming at finding the effects of different kind
of thinning (type, time, degree) on stand productivity, stability and diameter
distribution etc.
Fertilization: Experiments with application of commercial fertilizer,
other chemical agents or organic substances.
Liming: Application of liming substances (e.g. limestone, dolomite) to
forest ground.
Ash fertilization: Application of ash (in various forms) to forest ground.
Acidification: Experiment with artificial acidification of the soil with
acidified water or fertilization with sulphur-powder or other acidifying component.
Tree species comparison: Experiments comparing different tree species
in pure stands.
Tree-species mixture: Experiments where different tree-species
mixture within stands are compared. Selection cutting: Experiments aiming
at studying growth and yield, diameter distribution, regeneration potential
etc. where a selective cutting system has been used. (e.g. Plenterwald, bledning,
plukkhogst, fjellskogsblädning).
Pruning: Experiments with the purpose of finding the effects of artificial
pruning of trees - stands on production and wood properties/timber quality.
Urban forestry: Experiments aiming at highlight aspects of urban forests.
Cleaning: Growth and quality of young stands using different cleaning
strategies as stem densities, tree-species mixtures, height or diameters.
D. Ecosystem research
Watershed: This is watershed management experiments that has some kind
of manipulation within its frames, as e.g. liming, fertilization, tree species
comparison or biomass removal (clear-cutting).
Carbon, nutrient and water balances: Experiments established with integrated
studies of nutrient circulation, growth, yield, vitality, soil, soil-water etc.
and with fertilization, ash, liming or irrigation and/or drought treatments.
Roof construction: Experiments where the purpose is to protect forest
stands against atmospheric deposition by covering the area by a roof construction.
Climate change: To study cause and effects on soil, trees and other vegetation
of permanent changes in temperature and precipitation, as well as increased
carbon dioxide content in the air.
Soil conservation: Effects of biological and chemical measures taken
in order to improve or compensate soil conditions due to water quality, atmospheric
deposition and forestry.
Forest protection: Pathological and physical effects on forests of organisms
as fungi, other micro-organisms, vertebrates and invertebrates. Effects of protection
measures taken against these organisms.
Heavy metals: Uptake and circulation of heavy metals in trees, fungi
and berries after liming, fertilization with nitrogen, other minerals, ash or
afforestation of farmland. Effects of reduced atmospheric deposition on forest
organisms.
Biodiversity: To reveal changes within and among foremost stationary,
long-lived species (e.g., shrubs, mushrooms, lichens) due to forestry, long-term
changes in climate or nutritional supply.A
Monitoring:
Plots that are foremost used for long-term monitoring purposes. ICP Level II plots are included if they are old long-term experiments.
E. Christmas trees and decoration greenery
Genetics: Experiments dealing with genetic aspects of
Christmas trees and greenery and the heredity of different characters.
Establishment: Cover experiments aimed at investigating plant types,
plant age etc. for efficient establishment of Christmas trees and greenery plantations.
Fertilization: Experiments with application of commercial fertilizer,
other chemical agents or organic substances.
Weed control: Different types of weed control as herbicides, manual weed
control, covering, mulching and use of other plants to compete with weeds.
Insects and fungi: Experiments where special emphasis has been put to
the control of insect- or fungi diseases.
Yield and stand improvement: Experiments that aims at finding most suitable
tree species for Christmas tree and greenery production under different climatic
conditions (including provenances).
Harvest and logistics: Experiments analyzing effects of different technical
methods for harvesting and transport of decoration greenery.
F. Wood for energy
Compensation: Fertilization or ash application to forest ground with
the aim to compensate for whole tree removal.
Nutrient balances: Experiments with the aim of looking specific into
nutrient budgets/balances by whole tree harvest or whole tree thinning.
Coppice-forest: Bio-energy plantations or other coppice forest experiments.
Whole tree harvest: Experiments with objective to analyze the effects
of whole tree removal on establishment, growth, yield and ecological factors.
Slash removal: Experiments that aims to analyze the effect of removing
slash and debris on the regeneration or established stands.
G. Peat-land forestry
Drainage: Main purpose of the experiment is to analyze the drainage
effects of different ditch distance and depth of ditches on tree performance.
Fertilization: Experiments with application of commercial fertilizer,
other chemical agents or organic substances.
Tree species comparison: Experiments comparing different tree species
performance on drained peat-land.